据路透社伦敦报道，2019年上半年，俄罗斯对土耳其和其他8个东南欧国家的天然气出口下降了四分之一以上，原因是廉价的液化天然气（LNG）和新的阿塞拜疆天然气供应帮助该地区减少了对俄罗斯的依赖。

俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（俄气/ Gazprom）公布的数据显示，俄罗斯对该地区最大市场土耳其的出口较2018年上半年下降了36%，对希腊和保加利亚的出口分别下降了12.7%和17.4%。

受亚洲现货需求疲软和产出增长（尤其是美国）的推动，以及阿塞拜疆天然气产量和管道容量的扩大，促使了LNG价格的下降，帮助一些地区国家实现了供应商的多元化。

俄气公布的数据显示，该公司对9个地区国家的出口从一年前的195亿立方米下降至142亿立方米，降幅为27%。

希腊能源论坛（一个专注于希腊和区域市场的智库）负责人亚历克斯·拉加科斯表示: “低 LNG 价格正在加速减少俄罗斯天然气依赖的趋势。”

土耳其天然气市场消息人士称，今年夏天，荷兰即期合约（向欧洲交付现货LNG的基准）平均价格为3.6美元/百万英热单位，约为俄气向土耳其供应天然气价格的一半。

今年上半年，土耳其从俄气进口了81亿立方米天然气，低于一年前同期的127亿立方米，它对俄罗斯供应的依赖从49%下降到35%。

一位土耳其天然气市场消息人士表示，俄罗斯天然气流量的下降可能是为了向俄气表明，没有俄罗斯天然气，土耳其也可以生存。

但分析师表示，该地区国家并没有寻求完全用LNG挤掉俄气，而是希望减少对单一供应商的严重依赖。

牛津能源研究所研究员Gulmira Rzayeva表示，该地区的目标是“提高能源安全”。

来自土耳其能源市场管理局EDPK数据显示，土耳其从伊朗进口的天然气几乎保持稳定，不过同期从阿塞拜疆进口的天然气增长了43%，原因是去年BP的里海Shah Deniz气田启动以及阿塞拜疆国家石油公司（SOCAR）运营的跨安纳托利亚天然气管道（TANAP）第二阶段启动。

詹晓晶 摘自 路透社

原文如下：

Russian exports to Turkey, southeast Europe squeezed by LNG, Azeri gas

Russian gas exports to Turkey and eight other southeast European nations fell by more than a quarter in the first half of 2019 as cheaper liquefied natural gas (LNG) and new Azeri supplies helped the region reduce reliance on Russia.

Russian exports to Turkey, the biggest regional market, fell 36% compared to the first half of 2018, while exports to Greece and Bulgaria dropped 12.7% and 17.4% respectively, data published by Russia’s Gazprom (GAZP.MM) showed.

Low LNG prices, driven down by sluggish spot demand in Asia and rising output particularly in the United States, as well as the expansion of gas output and pipeline capacity from Azerbaijan, helped some regional nations diversify suppliers.

Gazprom’s exports to the nine regional states fell 27% to 14.2 billion cubic meters (bcm) from 19.5 bcm a year earlier, the figures published by the Russian energy giant showed.

“Low LNG prices are accelerating the trend of reducing Russian gas dependency,” said Alex Lagakos, head of Greek Energy Forum, a think-tank focusing on Greece and regional markets.

Dutch front-month contract, a benchmark for spot LNG delivered to Europe, averaged at $3.6 per million British thermal units (mmBtu) this summer, about half Gazprom’s price for gas supplied to Turkey, a Turkish gas market source said.

Turkey imported 8.1 bcm from Gazprom in the first half of this year, down from 12.7 bcm a year earlier. Its reliance on Russian supplies fell to 35% of its needs from 49%.

A Turkish gas market source said the drop in Russian flows might have been intended “to show Gazprom that Turkey can survive without Russian gas.”

But analysts said regional countries were not seeking to squeeze out Gazprom completely in favor of LNG, rather they wanted to reduce their heavy dependence on a single supplier.

Gulmira Rzayeva, a research associate at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, said the region’s aim was “to become more energy secure.”

Turkey’s gas imports from Iran held almost steady, while imports from Azerbaijan surged 43% in the period, after the launch of the second stage of BP’s (BP.L) Shah Deniz gas field in the Caspian Sea and the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) run by Azerbaijan’s SOCAR last year, data from Turkey’s energy market authority EDPK showed.