据海事新闻10月26日消息称，国际能源机构(IEA)周五表示，随着成本的大幅降低和技术的不断进步，海上风能可能成为世界电力供应的基石，从而释放出绿色能源的潜力。

国际能源署表示，可再生能源取代化石燃料对于实现本世纪全球一致同意的将升温控制在2摄氏度以下的目标至关重要，而海上风能的发展可以减少全球电力行业50-70亿吨的二氧化碳排放。

国际能源署表示，目前海上风力发电仅占全球发电总量的0.3%。

IEA执行董事Fatih Birol在丹麦首都告诉路透社记者：“但是潜力是巨大的。” 丹麦在1991年安装了第一台海上涡轮机，去年其15%的电力来自海上风力发电。

根据国际能源署的数据，根据目前和拟议的政策，未来20年的产能将增加15倍，使其成为价值1万亿美元的产业。

他将海上风电比作能源系统中其他两个改变游戏规则的玩家：页岩革命和太阳能光伏发电的兴起，并表示，海上风能有可能带来类似的大幅成本削减。

Birol称，他预计全球海上风力发电的平均发电成本将在五年内减半至每兆瓦时60美元。

国际能源署表示，在欧洲，海上风电的成本将很快超过新的天然气发电能力，与太阳能光伏发电和陆上风电并驾齐驱。

但是，Birol说，需要对陆上电网基础设施进行大规模投资，并采取切实的行动。

尽管绿色转型正日益占据全球政治议程，但随着与能源相关的二氧化碳排放去年达到历史最高水平，气候雄心与现实排放趋势之间的脱节日益加深。

目前英国拥有最大的风力发电能力，但到2025年左右，中国可能会拥有最大的海上风力发电队伍。该行业在美国、日本等市场也在增长。

曹海斌 摘译自 海事新闻

原文如下：

Reaping Wind at Sea: A $1 Trillion Industry

Offshore wind could become a cornerstone of the world's power supply as steep cost reductions and improved technology unleash the potential of the green energy source, said the International Energy Agency (IEA) on Friday.

Renewables replacing fossil fuel is crucial to meet a globally-agreed goal of limiting temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius this century and the expansion of offshore wind could avoid 5-7 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions from the power sector globally, said the IEA.

Power generated from wind turbines at sea only accounts for 0.3% of global electricity generation today, said the IEA.

"(But) the potential is huge," IEA executive director Fatih Birol told Reuters in the capital of Denmark - the country where the first offshore turbines were installed in 1991 and which last year produced 15% of its electricity from offshore wind.

Based on current and proposed policies, capacity is set to increase 15-fold over the next two decades, turning it into a $1-trillion business, according to the IEA.

He likened offshore wind to two other game-changers in the energy system: the shale revolution and the rise of solar PV and said that offshore wind had the potential to deliver similar steep cost reductions.

Birol said he expected the average generation cost for global offshore wind to halve to $60 per megawatt hour already in five years, Birol said.

In Europe, offshore wind will soon beat new natural gas-fired capacity on cost and be on a par with solar photovoltaics (PV) and onshore wind while in China, it is set to become competitive with new coal-fired capacity around 2030, according to the IEA.

However, Birol cautioned that large investments into onshore grid infrastructure and real political action were needed.

While the green transition is increasingly taking over the global political agenda, there is a growing disconnect between climate ambitions and real-life emissions trends as energy-related CO2 emissions reached a historic high last year.

The UK today has the biggest capacity but by around 2025, China is likely to have the largest offshore wind fleet. The industry is also growing in markets like the United States and Japan.