据今日油价7月16日报道，壳牌首席执行官范伯登(Ben van Beurden)本月早些时候表示，将全球碳排放减少至零“是唯一的出路”，同时提醒道，大型石油公司需要生产和销售更多低碳能源。

石油公司正投资于各种替代能源，以应对投资者越来越大的压力，并开始考虑减少排放，而不仅仅是增加利润。

一些超级石油公司正在投资电动汽车充电网络，另一些则在研发先进的低排放技术，还有一些正在研究氢及其作为清洁燃料的各种可能用途——不仅用于汽车，还用于重工业和家庭供暖。

几家主要的石油公司已经将氢以及相关的研究和应用纳入了他们的替代能源投资组合中，但在排放量最大且最难削减的重工业中，实现大规模使用氢气——即使不是几十年，也需要数年时间。

这并不妨碍Equinor、壳牌和道达尔等公司将氢作为一种更清洁的能源。

然而，用化石燃料以外的东西来生产氢（比如从阳光中或稀薄的空气中），目前成本高昂。各大公司正在一步一步地进行他们的研究和试验项目。

国际能源署(IEA)上月在一份报告中表示，目前,氢已经被大规模使用,但它几乎全部由天然气和煤炭生产,其生产的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量相当于印度尼西亚和英国年度排放量的总和。

IEA表示:“在实现清洁能源未来的道路上，利用现有的规模，既需要从化石燃料的氢生产中捕获二氧化碳，也需要从清洁电力中获得更多的氢供应。”

洪伟立 摘译自 今日油价

原文如下：

Is This Big Oil’s Next Secret Weapon?

Reducing global carbon emissions to net zero “is the only way to go,” Shell’s chief executive Ben van Beurden said earlier this month, in yet another reminder from a top executive that Big Oil needs to produce and sell more energy with low carbon intensity.

Oil majors are investing in various alternative energy solutions in response to increased investor pressure to start thinking about reducing emissions instead of just growing profits.

Some supermajors are investing in EV charging networks, others in research and development of advanced lower-emissions technologies, and a few others are looking into hydrogen and its various possible uses as a clean fuel--not only for cars but also for heavy industries and home heating.

Several major oil firms have included hydrogen and related research and applications in their alternative energy portfolios, but a meaningful large-scale hydrogen use with low or zero emissions in heavy industries—where emissions are the most and the hardest to cut—is years, if not decades, away.

This doesn’t discourage Equinor, Shell, and Total, for example, from looking into hydrogen as a cleaner energy source.

However, producing hydrogen from something other than fossil fuels—such as from sunlight or out of thin air—is currently cost prohibitive, and the majors are taking their research and pilot projects one step at a time.

Currently, hydrogen is already used on a large scale, but it is almost entirely produced from natural gas and coal, and its production is responsible for annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions equivalent to those of Indonesia and the United Kingdom combined, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said in a report last month.

“Harnessing this existing scale on the way to a clean energy future requires both the capture of CO2 from hydrogen production from fossil fuels and greater supplies of hydrogen from clean electricity,” the IEA said.