据天然气工业12月4日消息称，“油气加工建设数据统计公司”正在追踪全球1430多个项目，这意味着近1.9万亿美元的资本支出。以下是按行业划分的活跃项目市场份额：
炼油-36％（522个项目）
石化产品— 35％（489个项目）
天然气加工/液化天然气-29％（421个项目）。
亚太地区约占全球在建项目的37%，其次是美国和中东地区。总体而言，亚太、中东和美国地区占全球活跃项目的近70%。
到2020年，烃加工行业的资本、维护和运营预算预计将达到4400亿美元。亚洲继续在所有下游领域大举投资。这一扩建包括满足运输燃料、石化产品和天然气需求的额外能力。随着页岩气产量的持续增长，美国的石油化工和天然气加工/ 液化天然气行业继续在中下游项目中形成资本密集型能力建设，如乙烯和乙烯衍生物装置、甲醇和氨/尿素装置、气体加工和天然气管道基础设施以及液化天然气生产线/出口设施。中东正在大力投资，以提升其下游产品投资组合—低硫和超低硫(ULS)运输燃料和高价值的石化产品—并显著提高天然气加工产能和天然气物流基础设施。
炼油。 无论基于哪种预测，全球石油需求都将持续增长，直到本世纪20年代中期。石油需求增加的大部分将来自交通燃料，主要是汽油、柴油和航空燃油。然而，相当一部分的石油需求将用于石化产品的生产原料。石油需求增长的主要地区是亚太地区，其次是中东地区。目前，全球炼油产能超过每日1.01亿桶。到2025年，全球蒸馏能力预计将增至1.08亿桶/天- 1.094亿桶/天。在预测期内，亚太地区将成为新增炼油产能的领跑者，其中中国和印度的产能增幅最大。为了应对排放增加的影响，世界各地数十个国家正在对炼油商施加越来越大的压力，要求它们减少运输燃料(主要是柴油和汽油)以及海运燃料(如IMO 2020)中的硫含量。由于清洁燃料立法的进步，该行业将见证在同一时间内二级单位产能的激增。据欧佩克称，到2024年，将有近1200万桶/天的新二级单位产能投产。这些产能的增加包括超过600万桶/天的新脱硫产能，超过300万桶/天的转化产能和超过170万桶/天的辛烷值提升产能。大部分新产能将在亚太和中东地区。这种加工产能将通过新建炼油厂、工厂升级和扩建来增加。
石化产品。在过去几年里，对提高石化产能的投资急剧增加。数千亿美元已经并将被投资于更多的石化装置和设施。大部分资本支出将在亚洲、中东和美国三个主要地区进行。IEA预测，到2023年，石油消费增长的大约25％将来自对石化原料的需求。总体而言，石油化工产品的产量预计将从2020年的约4亿吨/年增加到2050年的近6亿吨/年。石化行业在全球活跃项目中占有35%的市场份额——代表近490个项目。亚太和美国地区占全球石化项目总量的60%以上。这两个地区都在大力投资新建石化产能。然而，亚洲主要是在建设新工厂，以满足不断增长的地区需求，而美国则更侧重于向亚洲、中美和南美等需求中心出口石化产品。
天然气加工/液化天然气。到2040年，天然气消费量将继续飙升。增加天然气需求的主要动力是许多国家转向天然气发电。需求的主要驱动力将来自亚太地区，主要是中国和印度。两国都有雄心勃勃的计划，要大幅增加天然气在能源结构中的比重。天然气需求的增加将继续增加对额外的液化天然气进出口能力以及新管道基础设施的需求。全球天然气贸易的领导者将是液化天然气。尽管澳大利亚在过去10年的液化能力新增增长中处于领先地位，但预计到十年末，美国每年新增的液化天然气出口能力将超过7100万吨。中国和印度将在液化天然气再气化建设方面处于领先地位，因为这两个市场都在将天然气用于发电。
曹海斌 摘译自 天然气工业
原文如下：
Global downstream processing capital expenditures nears $1.9 T
Hydrocarbon Processing’s Construction Boxscore Database is tracking more than 1,430 projects around the world, representing nearly $1.9 T in capital expenditures. The following is a breakdown of active project market share by sector:
Refining—36% (522 projects)
Petrochemicals—35% (489 projects)
Gas processing/LNG—29% (421 projects).
The Asia-Pacific region accounts for approximately 37% of active projects globally, followed by the U.S. and Middle East regions. In total, the Asia-Pacific, Middle East and U.S. regions represent nearly 70% of active projects globally.
In 2020, the hydrocarbon processing industry’s capital, maintenance and operating budgets are expected to reach nearly $440 B. Asia continues to invest heavily in all areas of the downstream sector. This buildout includes additional capacity to satisfy demand for transportation fuels, petrochemicals and natural gas. With the continued increase in shale gas production, the petrochemical and gas processing/LNG industries in the U.S. continues to witness capital-intensive capacity builds in midstream and downstream projects, such as ethylene and ethylene derivative units, methanol and ammonia/urea plants, gas processing and natural gas pipeline infrastructure and LNG liquefaction trains/export facilities. The Middle East is investing heavily in boosting its downstream products portfolio—low-sulfur and ultra-low-sulfur (ULS) transportation fuels and high-valued petrochemical products—and significantly increasing gas processing capacity and natural gas logistics infrastructure.
Refining. Regardless which forecast is consulted, global oil demand will continue to increase to the mid-2020s. Most of the increase in oil demand will come from transportation fuels, primarily gasoline, diesel and jet fuel. However, a sizable portion of oil demand will be used to produce feedstock for petrochemicals generation. This increase in oil demand is being led by the Asia-Pacific region, followed by the Middle East. At present, global refining capacity is more than 101 MMbpd. By 2025, global distillation capacity is forecast to increase to 108 MMbpd–109.4 MMbpd. The Asia-Pacific region will be the leader in new refining capacity within the forecast period, led by capacity additions in China and India. To combat the effects of increased emissions, dozens of countries around the world are increasing pressure on refiners to reduce the amount of sulfur in transportation fuels, primarily in diesel and gasoline, as well as in marine shipping fuels (e.g., IMO 2020). Due to the advancement of clean fuels legislation, the industry will witness a surge in secondary unit capacity additions within the same time frame. According to OPEC, nearly 12 MMbpd of new secondary unit capacity will begin operations by 2024. These capacity additions include more than 6 MMbpd of new desulfurization capacity, more than 3 MMbpd of conversion capacity and more than 1.7 MMbpd of octane-boosting capacity. Most of this new capacity will be in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions. This processing capacity will be added through the construction of greenfield refineries, as well as through plant upgrades and expansions.
Petrochemicals. Over the past several years, investments in petrochemical capacity additions have skyrocketed. Hundreds of billions of dollars have and will be invested in additional petrochemical units and complexes. Most capital expenditures will be made in three primary regions—Asia, the Middle East and the U.S. The IEA forecasts that approximately 25% of the increase in oil consumption to 2023 will be from demand for petrochemical feedstocks. In total, petrochemicals production is forecast to increase from approximately 400 MMtpy in 2020 to nearly 600 MMtpy in 2050. The petrochemicals sector holds a 35% market share in active projects globally—representing nearly 490 projects. The Asia-Pacific and U.S. regions account for more than 60% of active petrochemical projects around the world. Both regions are investing heavily in new petrochemical capacity; however, Asia is primarily building new units to satisfy increasing regional demand, while the U.S. is focused more on exporting petrochemical products to demand centers, such as Asia and Central and South America.
Gas processing/LNG. Natural gas consumption will continue to surge to 2040. The primary driver for additional natural gas demand is the move by many nations to switch to natural gas for power generation. The main driver of demand will be from the Asia-Pacific region, primarily China and India. Both nations have ambitious initiatives to substantially increase natural gas in total energy mix. The increase in natural gas demand will continue to boost the need for additional LNG import and export capacity, as well as new pipeline infrastructure. The leader in global gas trade will be LNG. Although Australia was the leader in new liquefaction capacity growth over the past decade, the U.S. is expected to begin operations on more than 71 MMtpy of new LNG export capacity by the end of the decade. LNG regasification builds will be led by China and India, as both markets are switching to natural gas for power generation.
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