EIA网站4月20日报道，2019年美国能源总出口量达到23.6万亿英热单位（quads）的历史最高水平，这标志着67年来美国年度总能源出口首次超过进口。2019年美国能源总进口量为22.8万亿英热单位，为1995年以来的最低水平。2019年是1952年以来美国能源总出口量首次超过进口量，而这一年（1952年）的能源进出口量都远低于当今的水平。

2005年美国能源净进口量达到峰值30万亿英热单位，随之呈下行走势。2019年美国能源净贸易的变化——从2018年的3.6万亿英热单位净进口到2019年的0.8万亿英热单位净出口——是自1980年以来美国能源贸易的最大变化。

2019年美国能源贸易变化的主要原因：原油净进口量减少；天然气净出口有所增加；其他能源的净贸易额与2018年持平。2019年美国仍是原油和电力的净进口国，及煤炭、焦炭、天然气、石油产品和生物质能的净出口国。

原油：2018-2019年美国原油净进口下降了31%，减少4.1万亿英热单位(相当于每天190万桶)，成为美国净能源贸易变化的主要原因之一。2019年，美国原油进口总量下降，原油出口总量增加；加拿大是美国最大的原油进出口国。

石油产品：石油产品出口总额是美国能源出口的最大类别，但在2019年，美国石油产品出口总额从2018年的创纪录高位下降。自2011年以来，美国每年都是石油产品的净出口国。2019年，加拿大是美国石油产品的最大进口国，墨西哥是美国石油产品的最大出口国。

天然气：美国天然气总出口量达到创纪录的4.7万亿英热单位(近128亿立方英尺/天)，同比增长29%，延续了五年的年增长态势。美国天然气进口总量也较上年下降了5%。自2017年以来，美国一直是天然气净出口国。2019年，加拿大是美国天然气最大进口国，墨西哥是美国天然气最大出口国。

煤炭：2018-2019年，美国煤炭出口总额下降了20%，煤炭进口总额增加了12%。2019年美国煤炭最大出口国为印度。

贾丽 摘译自 美国能源信息情报署

原文如下：

U.S. total energy exports exceed imports in 2019 for the first time in 67 years

Energy exports from the United States reached an all-time high of 23.6 quadrillion British thermal units (quads) in 2019, marking the first time in 67 years that annual U.S. gross energy exports exceeded U.S. gross energy imports. Gross U.S. energy imports were 22.8 quads in 2019, the lowest since 1995. Last year was the first year when the U.S. exported more energy than it imported since 1952, a year when the volume of energy imports and energy exports was much lower than it is today.

Net U.S. energy imports have fallen from a peak of 30 quads in 2005. Last year’s change in net energy trade in the United States—from 3.6 quads of net imports in 2018 to 0.8 quads of net exports in 2019—was the largest change in U.S. energy trade since 1980.

Last year’s change in U.S. energy trade was largely driven by decreases in net imports of crude oil. Natural gas net exports also increased, and net trade of the other energy sources remained similar to their 2018 levels. In 2019, the United States continued to be a net importer of crude oil and—to a much smaller degree—electricity and a net exporter of coal, coal coke, natural gas, petroleum products, and biomass.

Crude oil: U.S. crude oil net imports decreased 31% from 2018 to 2019. This decrease of 4.1 quads (the equivalent of about 1.9 million barrels per day) accounted for most of the change in the net U.S. trade of total energy. In 2019, gross imports of crude oil decreased, and gross exports of crude oil increased. In 2019, Canada was both the largest source of U.S. crude oil imports and the largest destination for U.S. crude oil exports.

Petroleum products: Gross exports of petroleum products are the largest category of U.S. energy exports, but in 2019, gross exports of U.S. petroleum products decreased from a record high in 2018. The United States has been a net exporter of petroleum products in each year since 2011. In 2019, Canada was the largest source of U.S. petroleum product imports, and Mexico was the largest destination for U.S. petroleum product exports.

Natural gas: Gross exports of U.S. natural gas reached a record of 4.7 quads (nearly 12.8 billion cubic feet per day), up 29% from the previous year, continuing a five-year trend of annual increases. Gross U.S. natural gas imports also fell by 5% from the previous year. The United States has been a net exporter of natural gas since 2017. In 2019, Canada was the largest source of U.S. natural gas imports, and Mexico was the largest destination for U.S. natural gas exports.

Coal: Gross U.S. exports of coal decreased by 20% from 2018 to 2019, and gross coal imports increased by 12%. In 2019, India was the largest destination for U.S. coal exports.