据能源世界网7月16日伦敦报道，随着对石油行业气候态势的压力越来越大，包括沙特石油公司(saudi aramco)、和埃克森美孚(exxon mobil)在内的一批世界顶级石油公司首次设定了削减温室气体排放总量的目标。
然而，由油气气候倡议（OGCI）的12个成员设定的目标被包括荷兰皇家壳牌，BP和道达尔在内的欧洲财团单独设定的更雄心勃勃的计划所掩盖。
该OGCI组织在一份声明中表示，OGCI成员同意到2025年将其上游石油和天然气综合作业的平均碳强度从2017年的23公斤CO2E/BOE的集体基线降低到每桶石油当量(CO2E/BOE)20—21公斤的CO2当量。
强度目标意味着绝对排放会随着产量的增加而增加。
包括BP，雪佛龙，埃尼，Equinor，埃克森美孚，西方石油，巴西国家石油公司，雷普索尔，沙特阿美，壳牌和道达尔的OGCI油气产量占世界油气产量的30％以上。
OGCI董事长兼前BP首席执行官鲍勃·杜德利（Bob Dudley）告诉路透社称，这是一个重要的里程碑，不是工作的终点，而是一个近期目标……我们将继续进行校准。
杜德利补充道，议员商定了一种常规方法来计算碳强度，目标将延伸到其他行业，如液化天然气和未来的炼油。
该公告标志着美国最大的石油公司埃克森美孚的重要变化，该公司抵制了投资者的压力，要求其改善对环境影响的披露。该公司没有报告2019年的碳排放量。
一位发言人表示，埃克森美孚支持OGCI的目标，以降低能源生产的碳强度，并“是该行业努力采取实际、有意义的步骤减少排放的一部分。
不同公司设定的目标在范围和定义上可能相差很大，因此很难进行比较。
但是，OGCI的某些成员已经超出或计划超越共同目标。
例如，根据全球最大的石油出口国沙特阿美年度报告，其在2019年的上游碳强度为10.1kg CO2e / boe。
挪威的Equinor计划到2025年将其二氧化碳排放强度降低至8kg / boe以下。该公司表示，目前全球行业平均水平为18kg CO2e / boe。
OGCI表示，该组织的集体碳强度将每年进行报告，并由安永作为独立第三方审查数据。
该目标包括减少甲烷排放量，这是该组织此前承诺削减的有效温室气体。
郝芬 译自 能源世界网
原文如下:
Oil giants including Exxon set first joint carbon target
A group of the world's top oil companies including Saudi Aramco and Exxon Mobil have for the first time set targets to cut their combined greenhouse gas emissions as a proportion of production, as pressure on the sector's climate stance grows.
However, the target set by the 12 members of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) is eclipsed by more ambitious plans set individually by the consortium's European members, including Royal Dutch Shell, BP and Total.
The OGCI members agreed to reduce the average carbon intensity of their aggregated upstream oil and gas operations to between 20 kg and 21 kg of CO2 equivalent per barrel of oil equivalent (CO2e/boe) by 2025, from a collective baseline of 23 kg CO2e/boe in 2017, the OGCI said in a statement.
Intensity targets mean absolute emissions can rise with increasing production.
The OGCI includes BP, Chevron, Eni, Equinor, Exxon, Occidental Petroleum, Petrobras, Repsol, Saudi Aramco, Shell and Total, which together account for over 30% of the world's oil and gas production.
"It is a significant milestone, it is not the end of the work, it is a near term target ... and we'll keep calibrating as we go forward," OGCI Chairman and former BP CEO Bob Dudley told Reuters.
The members agreed on a common methodology to calculate carbon intensity and the targets could be extended to other sectors such as liquefied natural gas and refining in the future, Dudley added.
The announcement marks an important change for Exxon, the largest U.S. oil company, which has resisted investor pressure to improve the disclosure of its impact on the environment. It did not report its carbon emissions in 2019.
Exxon supports the OGCI targets to decrease the carbon intensity of energy production and is "part of the industry's efforts to take practical, meaningful steps to reduce emissions," a spokesman said.
The targets set by different companies can vary widely in scope and definition, making it difficult to compare.
However, some members of the OGCI already exceed or plan to overshoot the joint target.
For example, Saudi Aramco, the world's top oil exporter, had an upstream carbon intensity of 10.1kg CO2e/boe in 2019, according to its annual report.
Norway's Equinor aims to reduce its CO2 intensity below 8kg/boe by 2025. It has said the current global industry average is 18 kg CO2e/boe.
OGCI said the group's collective carbon intensity would be reported annually, with data reviewed by EY, as an independent third party.
The target includes reductions in methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, which the group had previously committed to cut.
