据俄罗斯油气网3月18日莫斯科报道，毫无疑问，21世纪的主要挑战之一是气候变化。对大多数国家来说，全球变暖是一个严重的威胁。然而，俄罗斯在气候变化和北极地区冰盖逐渐减少方面找到了机会。

莫斯科的北极战略旨在为这个欧亚国家在能源和国防领域提供优势，同时将北海航线作为替代航运路线加以推广。

俄罗斯在北极拥有巨大的石油和天然气储量。从技术上属于可采能源来看，北极地区石油储量高达900亿桶，天然气储量47万亿立方米，其中俄罗斯占比最大，分别为480亿桶和43万亿立方米。这相当于俄罗斯石油总储量的14%和天然气总储量的40%。

尽管全球变暖，北极地区恶劣的天气条件需要专门的基础设施来开采石油以及把石油运输给消费者。

俄罗斯把北极视为一个战略地区，愿意在那里进行重大投资，为自己争取最大、最重要的份额。莫斯科支持自己的主张，认为罗蒙诺索夫海岭的地壳结构与附近的俄罗斯大陆架相对应，因此俄罗斯拥有开发北极大部分地区的唯一权利。为此目的，《北极号》研究考察船在2007年被派遣到了这个地区。

李峻 编译自 俄罗斯油气

原文如下：

Russia’s next oil boom is happening in the Arctic

One of the major challenges of the 21st century is without doubt climate change. For most countries, global warming poses a serious threat. Russia, however, has identified opportunities when it comes to the changing climate and the gradually decreasing icecap of the Arctic region.

Moscow’s Arctic Strategy is intended to provide an edge for the Eurasian country in the areas of energy and defence while at the same time promoting the Northern Sea Route as an alternative shipping route.

Russia has vast oil & gas reserves in the Arctic. In terms of technically recoverable energy, the region contains as much as 90 billion barrels of oil and 47 trillion m3 of natural gas of which the Russian zone has the largest share, 48 billion barrels of oil and 43 trillion m3 of gas respectively. It amounts to 14 % of its oil and 40 % of its gas reserves.

Despite global warming, the harsh weather conditions in the Arctic region require specialized infrastructure to extract and transport the oil to consumers.

Russia regards the Arctic as a strategic area where it is willing to invest significantly to secure the largest and most important share for itself. Moscow supports its claim by arguing that the crust structure of the Lomonosov ridge corresponds to the nearby Russian continental shelf which gives it the sole right to exploit much of the Arctic region. For this purpose, the Arktika research expedition vessel was dispatched in 2007.